geographic position
type: Class
subclass of: position
description: A geographic position is the coordinate of an entity against some geographic coordinate system.

start date
type: Class
subclass of: time instant
description: A start date is a time instant pertaining to the date of the beginning of a process.

end date
type: Class
subclass of: time instant
description: An end date is a time instant pertaining to date of the end of a process.

spatial quantity
type: Class
subclass of: dimensional quantity
alternative: physical dimensional quantity
description: A spatial quantity is a quantity obtained from measuring the spatial extent of an entity

1D extent quantity
type: Class
subclass of: spatial quantity
description: A quantity that extends in single dimension.

depth
type: Class
subclass of: 1D extent quantity
description: depth is the dimensional extent into a plane of a 3D projection of the object.

height
type: Class
subclass of: 1D extent quantity
description: height is the one dimensional extent along the vertical projection of a 3D object from a base plane of reference.

length
type: Class
subclass of: 1D extent quantity
description: length is the longer dimensional extent along a 2D projection of the object.

width
type: Class
subclass of: 1D extent quantity
description: width is the shorter dimensional extent perpendicular to a 2D projection of the object.

thickness
type: Class
subclass of: depth
description: thickness is the shortest dimensional extent of a 3D projection of an object.

2D extent quantity
type: Class
subclass of: spatial quantity
description: A quantity that extends in two dimensions.

area
type: Class
subclass of: 2D extent quantity
description: area is a quantity that pertains to the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane.

length of perimeter
type: Class
subclass of: 2D extent quantity
description: A perimeter is a length of the outline that surrounds a two-dimensional shape.

circumference
type: Class
subclass of: length of perimeter
description: circumference is the length of the outline of a circle or ellipse. it is defined as c = 2*pi*r, where r is the radius.

3D extent quantity
type: Class
subclass of: spatial quantity
description: A quantity that extends in three dimensions.

volume
type: Class
subclass of: 3D extent quantity
description: volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary.

quantity
type: Class
subclass of: measurement value
description: A quantity is an informational entity that gives the magnitude of a property.

position
type: Class
subclass of: measurement value
description: A measurement of a spatial location relative to a frame of reference or other objects.

orientation
type: Class
subclass of: position
description: orientation is an angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object.

measurement value
type: Class
subclass of: number
description: A measurement value is a quantitative description that reflects the magnitude of some attribute.

coordinate
type: Class
subclass of: position
description: A coordinate is a measurement of position in n-dimensional space.

cartesian coordinate
type: Class
subclass of: coordinate
disjoint with: polar coordinate
description: A Cartesian coordinate is the signed distance of a point to some referent line.

polar coordinate
type: Class
subclass of: coordinate
description: A polar coordinate is a position characterized by a distance from a fixed point and an angle from a fixed direction.

unit of measurement
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
description: A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity.

mathematical entity
type: Class
description: A mathematical entity is an information content entity that are components of a mathematical system or can be defined in mathematical terms.
subset: math+

algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function.

magazine
type: Class
subclass of: periodical
description: A magazine is a periodical that typically contains essays, stories, poems, etc., by many writers, and often photographs and drawings, frequently specializing in a particular subject or area, as hobbies, news, or sports.
equivalent to: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Magazine

workflow
type: Class
subclass of: algorithm
description: A workflow is an algorithm that is is a depiction of a sequence of operations to achieve one or more objectives.

pattern
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: A pattern is a generalized representation of some repeatable concrete or informational item.

sequence motif
type: Class
subclass of: pattern
disjoint with: structural motif
description: A sequence motif is a pattern of nucleotides in a DNA sequence or amino acids in a protein.

class
type: Class
subclass of: set
description: A class is a collection of sets which can be unambiguously defined by a property that all its members share.

parameter
type: Class
subclass of: independent variable
description: A parameter is variable whose value changes the characteristics of a system or a function.

list
type: Class
subclass of: set
description: A list is any enumeration of a set of items.

book series
type: Class
subclass of: collection of documents
description: A book series is a collection of books that have been sequentially published.

journal
type: Class
subclass of: periodical
description: A journal is a a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published.
equivalent to: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Journal

periodical
type: Class
subclass of: collection of documents
description: A periodical is a publication that appears on a regular schedule.
equivalent to: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Periodical

newspaper
type: Class
subclass of: periodical
description: A newspaper is a periodical publication containing news regarding current events, informative articles, diverse features, editorials, and advertising.
equivalent to: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Newspaper

page range
type: Class
subclass of: interval
description: A page range denotes the start and end page in some document.

page total
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: A page total is a textual entity that is about the number of pages in some informational entity.

implies (->)
type: Class
subclass of: logical operator
description: Implication is a logical operator that holds between a set T of propositions and a proposition B, when every model (or interpretation or valuation) of T is also a model of B.

logical operator
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: A logical operator is a unary or binary relation to construct logical expressions.

conjunction (and)
type: Class
subclass of: logical operator
description: AND is a logical operator that has the value true if both of its operands are true, otherwise a value of false.

dimensionless quantity
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
disjoint with: dimensional quantity
description: A dimensionless quantity is a quantity that has no associated unit.

dimensional quantity
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
description: A dimensional quantity is a quantity that has an associated unit.

mass
type: Class
subclass of: spatial quantity
description: mass is the quality of the amount of substance.

disjunction (or)
type: Class
subclass of: logical operator
description: OR is a logical operator that results in true whenever one or more of its operands are true.

negation (not)
type: Class
subclass of: logical operator
description: NOT is a logical operator in that has the value true if its operand is false.

exclusive disjunction (xor)
type: Class
subclass of: disjunction (or)
description: XOR, also called exclusive disjunction or (symbolized XOR, EOR, EXOR, or ⊕), is a type of logical disjunction on two operands that results in a value of true if exactly one of the operands has a value of true.

set
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: A set is a collection of entities, for which there may be zero members.

collection of documents
type: Class
subclass of: collection
description: A collection of documents is a non-zero set of documents.
equivalent to: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Collection

website
type: Class
subclass of: collection of documents
description: A website is a collection of documents published on the World Wide Web.

process number
type: Class
subclass of: ordinal position
description: process number is a number associated with a process that denotes its ordinal position in a set of processes.

edition number
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: An edition number is count of a literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner including being printed during some interval of time.

volume number
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: volume number is a count of a sequence of periodicals.

longitude
type: Class
subclass of: geographic position
disjoint with: latitude
description: Longitude is a geographic position that refers to the angle east or west of a reference meridian between the two geographical poles to another meridian that passes through an arbitrary point.

latitude
type: Class
subclass of: geographic position
description: Latitude is a geographic coordinate which refers to the angle from a point on the Earth's surface to the equatorial plane

3D cartesian coordinate
type: Class
subclass of: cartesian coordinate
description: A 3D cartesian coordinate is a coordinate that is composed of an x, y and z coordinate.

number
type: Class
subclass of: scalar
alternative: rank 0 tensor
description: A number is a tensor of rank 0.

variable
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: A variable is a value that may change within the scope of a given problem or set of operations.

equation
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: An equation is a mathematical statement that asserts the equality of two expressions.

time measurement
type: Class
subclass of: dimensional quantity
description: time measurement is a measurement value of the duration of some interval of time or a particular instant of time (against some frame of reference).
comment: Time intervals are specified as date/datetime ranges.
example: the duration of my life; the duration of a surgical procedure, the moment of death

x cartesian coordinate
type: Class
subclass of: cartesian coordinate
description: An x cartesian coordinate is the coordinate of an object onto the x-axis of a cartesian coordinate system.

y cartesian coordinate
type: Class
subclass of: cartesian coordinate
description: An y cartesian coordinate is the coordinate of an object onto the y-axis of a cartesian coordinate system.

z cartesian coordinate
type: Class
subclass of: cartesian coordinate
description: A z cartesian coordinate is the coordinate of an object onto the z-axis of a cartesian coordinate system.

time interval
type: Class
subclass of: time measurement
description: A time internval is a contiguous temporal region having some duration.

time instant
type: Class
subclass of: time measurement
description: A time instant is a temporal region which occurs instantaneously, e.g. having no duration.
example: at this moment; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident; the moment at which a child is born; the moment of death

year
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: A year is a period of time taken by a planet to make one revolution around the sun.

month
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: A month is a period of time that divides the year.

day
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: A day is a period of 24 hours.

century
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: A century is a period of one hundred years.

millennium
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: A millenium is a period of 1000 years

hour
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: An hour is a period of 60 minutes.

minute
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: A minute is a period of 60 seconds.

second
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: A second (symbol: s) is the base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) and is the second division of the hour by sixty, the first division by 60 being the minute.

altitude
type: Class
subclass of: position
description: Altitude is a distance above sea level.

center of mass
type: Class
subclass of: position
description: The center of mass (aka barycenter) is the weighted average location of all the mass in a body or group of bodies.

data series
type: Class
subclass of: list
description: A data series is a data set composed of related values displayed in a statistical graph.
example: Example: The two series that correspond to "Seasonally adjusted" and "Trend" are composed of the seasonally adjusted value of permits in each month and values from a trend derived from some mathematical tranformation across those values, respectively, in Graph 1 of http://tinyurl.com/opwnvm

collection of points
type: Class
subclass of: collection
description: A collection of points is a geometric entity that contains a non-zero set of geometric points.

diffusion equation
type: Class
subclass of: movement equation
description: A diffusion equation describes density fluctuations in a material undergoing diffusion.

movement equation
type: Class
subclass of: equation
description: A movement equation describes the displacement of an object in space over time.

ordinary differential equation
type: Class
subclass of: differential equation
description: An ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation in which the unknown function (also known as the dependent variable) is a function of a single independent variable.

partial differential equation
type: Class
subclass of: differential equation
description: A partial differential equation (PDE) is a differential equation in which the unknown function is a function of multiple independent variables and the equation involves its partial derivatives.

differential equation
type: Class
subclass of: equation
description: A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its derivatives of various orders.

ordinal position
type: Class
subclass of: linear position
alternative: offset
description: A ordinal position is a number that designates the position of an entity from the first entity in an ordered sequence of entities.

collection
type: Class
subclass of: set
description: A collection is a set for which there exists at least one member, although any member need not to exist at any point in the collection's existence.

empty set
type: Class
subclass of: set
description: An empty set is a set for which there are exactly 0 members.

probability measure
type: Class
subclass of: dimensionless quantity
description: A probability measure is quantity of how likely it is that some event will occur.

start time
type: Class
subclass of: time instant
description: A start time is a time instant pertaining to the time at which a process begins.

end time
type: Class
subclass of: time instant
description: An end time is a time instant pertaining to the time at which a process ends.

probability value
type: Class
subclass of: probability measure
alternative: p-value
description: A p-value or probability value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true

postal code
type: Class
subclass of: geographic position
description: A postal code is a geographic coordinate composed of a series of letters and/or digits appended to a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

uncertainty value
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
description: The uncertainty value (margin of error) of a measurement is a range of values likely to enclose the true value.

standard deviation
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
description: A standard deviation (represented by the symbol σ) is the quantity of variation from the average (mean, or expected value).

page number
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: A page number is the count of a page in a sequence of pages.

linear position
type: Class
subclass of: position
description: A linear position is the position of some object against a linear positioning system.

sequence element position
type: Class
subclass of: linear position
description: A sequence element position is the position of an element of a linear sequence.

sequence start position
type: Class
subclass of: sequence element position
subclass of: start position
description: A sequence start position is the start position for a sequence of characters.

sequence end position
type: Class
subclass of: sequence element position
subclass of: end position
description: A sequence end position is the position of the last character in a sequence of characters relative to some linear frame of reference.

count
type: Class
subclass of: dimensionless quantity
description: The number of elements of a finite set of objects.

association
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: An association is a relationship between two or more entities derived by some informational analysis.

statistical association
type: Class
subclass of: association
description: A statistical association is any relationship between two measured quantities that renders them statistically dependent.

independent variable
type: Class
subclass of: variable
description: An independent variable is a variable that may take on different values independent of other elements in a system.

dependent variable
type: Class
subclass of: variable
description: A dependent variable is one whose value changes as a consequence of changes in other values in the system.

correlation
type: Class
subclass of: statistical association
description: A correlation is a statistical relationship involving dependence between two random variables or datasets.

start position
type: Class
subclass of: linear position
description: A start position is the proximal position of an object relative to an origin in a linear system.

interval
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: An interval is a set of real numbers that includes all numbers between any two numbers in the set.

default parameter
type: Class
subclass of: parameter
description: A default parameter is a parameter which has a default value.

end position
type: Class
subclass of: linear position
alternative: stop position
description: An end position is the distal position of an object relative to an origin in a linear system.

gene-disease association
type: Class
subclass of: association
description: A gene-disease association is an association between a gene and a disease.

chemical-disease association
type: Class
subclass of: association
description: A chemical-disease association is an association between a chemical and a disease.

age
type: Class
subclass of: dimensional quantity
description: age is the length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed.

ratio
type: Class
subclass of: dimensionless quantity
description: A ratio is a relationship between two numbers of the same kind expressed arithmetically as a dimensionless quotient of the two which explicitly indicates how many times the first number contains the second.

dose
type: Class
subclass of: dimensional quantity
description: A dose is the quantity of a chemical substance administered to a biological system.

effective dose
type: Class
subclass of: dose
description: effective dose is the amount of a substance required to produce an effect on a predefined percentage of a population.

expected value
type: Class
subclass of: probability measure
description: An expected value (or e-value) is the weighted average of all possible values that a random variable can take on.

character position
type: Class
subclass of: ordinal position
alternative: character offset
description: The ordinal position of a character in a sequence of characters.

word start position
type: Class
subclass of: text span start position
description: The position of the first character in a word as an offset from the first character of the text in which it is found.

word end position
type: Class
subclass of: text span end position
description: word end position is the position of the last character in a word as an offset from the first character of the text in which it is found.

control variable
type: Class
subclass of: variable
alternative: controlled variable
alternative: extraneous variable
description: A control variable that is believed to alter the dependent or independent variables, but may not actually be the focus of the experiment. So that variable will be kept constant or monitored to try to minimise its effect on the experiment.

text span start position
type: Class
subclass of: start position
description: text span start position is the position (offset) of the first character of a text span in relation the text it is from.

text span end position
type: Class
subclass of: end position
description: text span end position is the position (offset) of the last character of a text span in relation the text it is from.

t-statistic
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
description: A t-statistic is a ratio of the departure of an estimated parameter from its notional value and its standard error.

gene expression value
type: Class
subclass of: dimensional quantity
description: A gene expression value is a measured value obtained from a gene expression experiment.

differential gene expression ratio
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
description: A differential gene expression ratio is the ratio of gene expression values from a test sample compared to a control sample.

t-statistic based increased differential gene expression
type: Class
subclass of: differential gene expression ratio
description: A t-statistic based increased differential gene expression is a differential gene expression ratio in which the t-statistic is greater than zero.

t-statistic based decreased differential gene expression
type: Class
subclass of: differential gene expression ratio
description: A t-statistic based decreased differential gene expression is a differential gene expression ratio in which the t-statistic is less than zero.

date of database submission
type: Class
subclass of: time instant
description: A date of database submission refers to the moment in time in which some information was submitted/received to a database system.

concentration
type: Class
subclass of: 3D extent quantity
description: concentration is the amount of substance per unit volume of a solution

pH
type: Class
subclass of: dimensionless quantity
description: pH is a measure of the activity of the (solvated) hydrogen ion.
comment: pH is defined as the decimal logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity, aH+, in a solution.

centrality measure
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
description: A central tendency measure is a central value or a typical value for a probability distribution.

mean
type: Class
subclass of: centrality measure
alternative: arithmeritic mean
alternative: average
description: A mean is the central tendency of a collection of numbers taken as the sum of the numbers divided by the size of the collection.

median
type: Class
subclass of: centrality measure
description: A median is the numerical value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.

mode
type: Class
subclass of: centrality measure
description: A mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data.

sum
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
description: A sum is the result of adding a set of values together.

minimal value
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
alternative: min
description: A minimal value is smallest value of an attribute for the entities in the defined set.

maximal value
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
alternative: max
description: A maximal value is largest value of an attribute for the entities in the defined set.

member count
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: A count of the instances of a class or members in a collection.

union
type: Class
subclass of: list
disjoint with: intersection
description: A union is a list of all of the values of an attribute for the entities in the defined set.

intersection
type: Class
subclass of: list
description: An intersection is a list of only the values of an attribute for the entities in the defined set where all entities have that value.

sequence
type: Class
subclass of: list
alternative: ordered list
description: A sequence is an ordered list of entities. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms).
example: For example, (M, A, R, Y) is a sequence of letters that differs from (A, R, M, Y), as the ordering matters, and (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8), which contains the number 1 at two different positions, is a valid sequence.

gene-disease association linked with causal mutation
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with genetic variation
description: A gene-variant disease association in which a mutation in the gene/protein results in the development or maintenance of the disease.

therapeutic gene-disease association
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association
alternative: gene-disease association arising from a therapeutic role of the gene/protein
description: A gene disease association in which the gene is a therapeutic marker for the disease.

gene-disease biomarker association
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association
description: A gene-disease association in which the gene/protein is involved in the etiology or maintenance of the disease.

gene-disease association linked with genetic variation
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with genomic alterations
alternative: gene variant-disease association
description: A gene-disease association in which a sequence variation (a mutation, a SNP) is associated with the disease.

gene-disease association linked with altered gene expression
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease biomarker association
description: A gene-disease association in which the disease phenotype is associated with an altered expression of the gene.

gene-disease association linked with post-translational modification
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease biomarker association
description: A gene-disease association in which the disease phenotype is associated with post-translational modifications in the protein product.
example: methylation or phosphorylation of protein product

number of objects produced
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: number of objects produced is a count of objects that were produced in some process.

number of objects consumed
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: number of objects consumed is a count of objects that were consumed in some process.

difference in number of objects produced
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: A difference in number of objects produced is a count of the number of objects produced with respect to a second variable (space, time, etc)

increase in number of objects produced
type: Class
subclass of: difference in number of objects produced
description: An increase in the number of objects produced is the positive value of a difference in number of objects produced.

decrease in number of objects produced
type: Class
subclass of: difference in number of objects produced
description: An decrease in the number of objects produced is the negative value of a difference in number of objects produced.

database cross-reference
type: Class
subclass of: association
alternative: dbxref
description: A database cross-reference is an association between one data item and another.

exact cross-reference
type: Class
subclass of: database cross-reference
description: An exact cross-reference is a database cross-reference in which one entity is equivalent to the other based on all the entitie's attributes (minus the source).

slope
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
description: A slope or gradient of a line describes its steepness, incline, or grade. A higher slope value indicates a steeper incline. Slope is normally described by the ratio of the "rise" divided by the "run" between two points on a line.

structural motif
type: Class
subclass of: pattern
description: A structural motif is a pattern in a structure formed by a spatial arrangement of objects (e.g. atoms).

catalog
type: Class
subclass of: collection
alternative: registry
description: A catalog is a systemic collection of items of the same type.

likelihood
type: Class
subclass of: quantity
description: Likelihood is the hypothetical probability that an event that has already occurred would yield a specific outcome.

log likelihood
type: Class
subclass of: likelihood
description: Log likelihood is the natural logarithm of the likelihood function

standard score
type: Class
subclass of: probability measure
alternative: z-value, z-score, normal score, standardadized variable.
description: A standard score is the (signed) number of standard deviations an observation or datum is above the mean.

interval
type: Class
subclass of: set
description: an interval is a set of real numbers with the property that any number that lies between two numbers in the set is also included in the set.
example: The set of all numbers x satisfying 0<=x<=1 is an interval which contains 0 and 1, as well as numbers between them.

open interval
type: Class
subclass of: left open interval
subclass of: right open interval
description: an open interval is an interval that does not include its endpoints.
example: (0,1) is an open interval that is greater than 0 and less than 1.

closed interval
type: Class
subclass of: right closed interval
subclass of: left closed interval
description: A closed interval is an interval that includes its endpoints, and is denoted with square brackets.
example: [0,1] is a closed interval that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

chemical-pathway association
type: Class
subclass of: association
alternative: drug-pathway association
description: a chemical-pathway association is an association between a chemical and a pathway.

left open interval
type: Class
subclass of: interval
description: a left open interval is an interval in which there is no element that is smaller than all other elements.

right open interval
type: Class
subclass of: interval
description: a right open interval is an interval in which there is no element that is greater than all other elements.

right closed interval
type: Class
subclass of: interval
description: a right closed interval is an interval in which there is a real number that is larger than all of its elements.

left closed interval
type: Class
subclass of: interval
description: a left closed interval is an interval in which there is a real number that is smaller than all its elements.

chemical-gene association
type: Class
subclass of: association
description: a chemical-gene association is an association between a chemical and a gene.

set item
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: set item is an item in a set.

collection item
type: Class
subclass of: set item
description: a collection item is an item in a collection.

list item
type: Class
subclass of: set item
description: a list item is an item in a list.

ordered list item
type: Class
subclass of: list item
description: an ordered list item is an item in an ordered list.

date of issue
type: Class
subclass of: time instant
description: the date at which an information content entity was made public.

author list
type: Class
subclass of: ordered list
description: an ordered list of authors.

ordered list
type: Class
subclass of: list
description: an ordered list is a list in which items are sequentially ordered.

protein expression value
type: Class
subclass of: dimensional quantity
description: A protein expression value is a quantity obtained from a protein expression experiment.

copy number variation
type: Class
subclass of: count
alternative: CNV
description: copy number variation refers to the number of deletions/duplications of a DNA region as compared to some reference state.

epimer association
type: Class
subclass of: association

gene-disease association linked with modifying mutation
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with genetic variation
description: A gene-disease association in which a gene mutation is known to modify the clinical presentation of the disease.

gene-disease association linked with susceptibility mutation
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with genetic variation
description: A gene-disease association in which a germline mutation in the gene predisposes to the development of the disease, and it is necessary but not sufficient for the manifestation of the disease.

gene-disease association linked with germline causal mutation
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with causal mutation
description: A gene-variant disease association in which a germline mutation in the gene/protein results in the development or maintenance of the disease, and it may be passed on to offspring.

gene-disease association linked with somatic causal mutation
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with causal mutation
description: A gene-variant disease association in which a somatic mutation in the gene/protein results in the development or maintenance of the disease, and it may not be passed on to offspring.

gene-disease association linked with somatic modifying mutation
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with modifying mutation
description: A gene-variant disease association in which a somatic mutation in the gene modifies the clinical presentation of the disease, and it may not be passed on to offspring.

gene-disease association linked with germline modifying mutation
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with modifying mutation
description: A gene-variant disease association in which a germline mutation in the gene modifies the clinical presentation of the disease, and it may be passed on to offspring.

fusion gene-disease association
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with genomic alterations
description: A gene-disease association in which the fusion between two different genes (promotor and/or other coding DNA regions) is associated with the disease.

gene-disease association linked with chromosomal rearrangement
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease association linked with genomic alterations
description: A gene-disease association in which the gene is included in a chromosomal rearrangement associated with a particular manifestation of the disease.

gene-disease association linked with genomic alterations
type: Class
subclass of: gene-disease biomarker association
description: a gene-disease association that is linked with some genomic alteration

DisGeNET disease specificity
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
description: DisGeNET Disease specificity is a measure of disease coverage. It is calculated from the negative base 2 log of the ratio of number of diseases associated to the total number of diseases. The measure is described here: http://www.disgenet.org/web/DisGeNET/menu/dbinfo#specificity

DisGeNET Pleiotropy Index
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
description: The DisGeNET pleiotropy index is a measure of specificity as it pertains to classes of disease. The disease pleotropy index is computed from the ratio of the number of disease classes associated with an entity over the total number of disease classes multplied by 100. The measure is defined here: http://www.disgenet.org/web/DisGeNET/menu/dbinfo#pleiotropy

week
type: Class
subclass of: time interval
description: A week is a period of 7 consecutive days.

specific gravity
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
description: Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance; equivalently, it is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of a reference substance for the same given volume.

rate of change
type: Class
subclass of: dimensional quantity
description: The amount of change accumulated per unit time.

frequency
type: Class
subclass of: rate of change
description: Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time

speed
type: Class
subclass of: rate of change
description: Speed is the rate of change of an object's position.

velocity
type: Class
subclass of: speed
description: The rate of change of an object's position and the direction of that change

protein family
type: Class
subclass of: collection
description: a protein family is a collection of proteins that share a common evolutionary origin, reflected by their related function and similarity in composition or structure.

unigene cluster
type: Class
subclass of: collection
description: a unigene cluster is a collection of transcripts (ESTs and mRNAs) that map to a particular genomic region.
alternative: cluster of transcripts

density
type: Class
subclass of: 3D extent quantity
description: Density (volumetric mass density) is the quantity of mass per unit volume of a substance.

surface area
type: Class
subclass of: area
description: The surface area of a is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies.

aspect ratio
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
description: The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions.

percentage
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
description: A percentage is a number that is a ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is denoted using the percent sign "%".

quantile
type: Class
subclass of: dimensionless quantity
description: A quantile is a quantity that divides the range of a probability distribution into continuous intervals with equal probabilities, or dividing the observations in a sample in the same way.

percentile
type: Class
subclass of: quantile
description: A percentile (or a centile) is a quantile that divides the given probability distribution, or sample, into 100 equal-sized intervals.

replicate
type: Class
subclass of: collection item
description: a replicate is an object that is a facsimile, reproduction, or copy of another item.

a collection of replicates
type: Class
subclass of: collection
alternative: replicates
description: a collection of replicates is a collection composed of items that are a facsimile, reproduction, or copy of other items in the collection.

duplicate
type: Class
subclass of: collection item
description: a duplicate is an object that is an exact copy of another item

a collection of duplicates
type: Class
subclass of: collection
alternative: duplicates
description: a collection of duplicates is a collection composed of items that are an exact copy of other items in the collection.

tensor
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: a tensor is a n-dimensional array.

vector
type: Class
subclass of: rank nonzero tensor
alternative: rank 1 tensor
description: a vector is a rank 1 tensor that is described by n-dimension of scalars.

scalar
type: Class
subclass of: tensor
alternative: rank 0 tensor
description: a scalar is a rank 0 tensor and is an element of a field that is used to define a vector space.

vector space
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical entity
description: a vector space is a set of vectors.

matrix
type: Class
subclass of: rank nonzero tensor
alternative: rank 2 tensor
description: a matrix is a rank 2 tensor. It is represented as a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns.

rank nonzero tensor
type: Class
subclass of: tensor
description: a rank nonzero tensor is a tensor with a rank greater than zero.

chemical-chemical association
type: Class
subclass of: association
description: A chemical-chemical association is an association between two chemical entities.

disease-disease association
type: Class
subclass of: association
comment: A disease-disease association is an association between two diseases.

gene-gene association
type: Class
subclass of: association
comment: A gene-gene association is an association between two genes.

protein-protein association
type: Class
subclass of: association
comment: A protein-protein association is an association between two proteins.

protein-disease association
type: Class
subclass of: association
comment: A protein-disease association is an association between a protein and a disease.

chemical-protein association
type: Class
subclass of: association
comment: A chemical-protein association is an association between a chemical and a protein.

imaginary number
type: Class
subclass of: complex number
disjoint with: real number
description: An imaginary number is a complex number whose real part is zero e.g. 0 + bi, and is expressed as a multiple of the square root of -1.
example: 5i is an imaginary number, and its square is -25.

real number
type: Class
subclass of: complex number
description: a real number is a complex number whose imaginary part is zero, e.g. a + 0i.

complex number
type: Class
subclass of: number
description: a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with an imaginary unit i. Every complex number can be expressed in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers.

generation number
type: Class
subclass of: count
description: generation number is a count of the number of biological reproduction events elapsed from some starting reference point.

sequence alignment
type: Class
subclass of: collection
description: A sequence alignment is the character-based alignment of sequences using some method.

multiple sequence alignment
type: Class
subclass of: sequence alignment
description: A multiple sequence alignment is a sequence alignment involving more than two sequences.

pairwise sequence alignment
type: Class
subclass of: sequence alignment
description: A pairwise sequence alignment is the alignment of exactly 2 sequences.

sequence profile
type: Class
subclass of: pattern
description: A sequence profile is provides the preference for a character at each position of an abstracted sequence.

collection of 3d molecular structure models
type: Class
subclass of: collection
description: A collection of 3D molecular structure models is just that.

sio.owl
version info: sio-subset-math.owl
version IRI: sio-subset-math.owl